The following report--"A Summary of the Effects of Bulkheads, Piers, and Other Artificial Structures and Shorezone Development on ESA-listed Salmonids in Lakes" is a product of literature review initiated to determine knowledge about the impacts of lakeshore development on salmonids, in the context of the Endangered Species Act. Puget Sound chinook salmon were listed as threatened in March of 1999.

You can view the report by section below or as a PDF file using Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Introduction
Purpose
Potential Impacts

Fish Ecology
Federally Listed Salmonid Specie
Table 1.
Listed and Candidate Fish Species in the Lake Washington Watershed.

Chinook Salmon
Life History Strategies
Diet and Distribution
Temperature
Coho Salmon
Life History Strategies
Migration
Temperature
Diet
Bull Trout
Life History
Temperature
Anadromous Form
Local Lake Washington/Sammamish Sub-Populations
Other Species
Bass
Key Predators

Table 2.
The timing of the annual littoral zone occurrence of the common fish species in Lake Washington. Dashed black lines indicate presence, blank areas indicate absence. Footnotes appear on the following page.

Shorezone Structures and Salmonid Predators

Potential Impacts of Shoreline Development
Historical Changes
Chemical Contaminants Associated with Piers, Docks and Bulkheads
1. Hydrocarbons within Lake Washington
2. Heavy Metal Contamination by CCA-Treated Wood
3. Remaining Issues
Citations we did not collect, but would like to include.
Disruption of Physical Processes
Marine
Lakes/Rivers
Effects on Predation and Prey-Refuge Habitat
Predator-prey Interactions
Shorezone Structures
Piers
Bulkheads
Lighting
Effects on Productivity
Light Intensity and Primary Production
Aquatic Vegetation Control
Physical Effects
Effects on Fish Migration
Effects of Recreational and Construction Activity
Construction Activity
Recreational Activities

Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
What the literature review tells us.
What the literature review does not tell us:
Recommendations
Ongoing and Further Study
Acknowledgments